Although misinformation tends to spread online, it can have serious real-world consequences. In order to develop automated tools to detect and mitigate the impact of misinformation, researchers must leverage algorithms that can adapt to the modality (text, images and video), the source, and the content of the false information. However, these characteristics tend to change dynamically across time, making it challenging to develop robust algorithms to fight misinformation spread. Therefore, this paper uses natural language processing to find common characteristics of political misinformation over a twelve year period. The results show that misinformation has increased dramatically in recent years and that it has increasingly started to be shared from sources with primary information modalities of text and images (e.g., Facebook and Instagram), although video sharing sources containing misinformation are starting to increase (e.g., TikTok). Moreover, it was discovered that statements expressing misinformation contain more negative sentiment than accurate information. However, the sentiment associated with both accurate and inaccurate information has trended downward, indicating a generally more negative tone in political statements across time. Finally, recurring misinformation categories were uncovered that occur over multiple years, which may imply that people tend to share inaccurate statements around information they fear or don't understand (Science and Medicine, Crime, Religion), impacts them directly (Policy, Election Integrity, Economic) or Public Figures who are salient in their daily lives. Together, it is hoped that these insights will assist researchers in developing algorithms that are temporally invariant and capable of detecting and mitigating misinformation across time.

Incels are an extremist online community of men who believe in an ideology rooted in misogyny, racism, the glorification of violence, and dehumanization. In their online forums, they use an extensive, evolving cryptolect - a set of ingroup terms that have meaning within the group, reflect the ideology, demonstrate membership in the community, and are difficult for outsiders to understand. This paper presents a lexicon with terms and definitions for common incel root words, prefixes, and affixes. The lexicon is text-based for use in automated analysis and is derived via a Qualitative Content Analysis of the most frequent incel words, their structure, and their meaning on five of the most active incel communities from 2016 to 2023.

The proliferation of fake news has emerged as a critical issue in recent years, requiring significant efforts to detect it. However, the existing fake news detection datasets are sourced from human journalists, which are likely to have inherent bias limitations due to the highly subjective nature of this task. In this paper, we revisit the existing fake news dataset verified by human journalists with augmented fact-checking by large language models (ChatGPT), and we name the augmented fake news dataset ChatGPT-FC. We quantitatively analyze the distinctions and resemblances between human journalists and LLM in assessing news subject credibility, news creator credibility, time-sensitive, and political framing. Our findings highlight LLM's potential to serve as a preliminary screening method, offering a promising avenue to mitigate the inherent biases of human journalists and enhance fake news detection.

Three people from Illinois last week sued Microsoft, claiming that the free Windows 10 upgrade they had installed on their PCs caused "data loss and damage to their computers." Lawyers for the trio asked a Chicago federal court Thursday to grant the case class-action status, which would allow other Americans to join the litigation. "Many consumers have had their hard drives fail because of the Windows 10 installation," alleged the complaint. "Many consumers have had their existing software and data rendered inoperable by the Windows 10 installation." All three of the plaintiffs asserted that after accepting the free Windows 10 upgrade -- a one-year deal that ran from 2015 to 2016 -- some data on their Windows PCs had been destroyed.